Section 1 Interrogative Pronouns and Simple Q&A
知识点:掌握“谁、什么、哪、几、多”的用法
Summary of Interrogative Word Usage
1. 谁(shéi ) —— Who
Usage: Asks about a person’s identity or relationship.
Structure:谁 + Verb/Noun
Example:
谁(shéi)来(lái)了(le)? —— Who came?
这(zhè)是(shì)谁(shéi)的(de)书(shū)? —— Whose book is this?
2. 什(shén)么(me) —— What
Usage: Asks about objects, actions, or abstract concepts.
Structure:什么 + Noun? Verb + 什么
Example:
这(zhè)是(shì)什(shén)么(me)? —— What is this?
你(nǐ)吃(chī)什(shén)么(me)? —— What do you eat?
什(shén)么(me)书(shū)? —— What book?
HSK Level 1 Grammar Points Explanation with Exercises – Interrogative Pronouns and Simple Q&A
Section 2 Numerals, Classifiers, and Time Expressions
数字1-100的用法 (Usage of numbers 1-100)
Rules:
1. 1-10: Memorize directly
一(yī) one、二(èr) two、三(sān) three、四(sì) four、五(wǔ) five
六(liù) six、七(qī) seven、
八(bā) eight、九(jiǔ) nine、十(shí) ten
2. 11-19: ten + unit digit
十(shí)一(yī) eleven、十(shí)二(èr) twelve… 十(shí)九(jiǔ) nineteen
3. Multiples of 10: 个位数 + 十
二(èr)十(shí) twenty、三(sān)十(shí) thirty… 九(jiǔ)十(shí) ninety,一(yī)百(bǎi) one hundred
4. 21-99: 十位数 + 十 + 个位数
25 = 二(èr)十(shí) + 五(wǔ) → 二(èr)十(shí)五(wǔ)
HSK Level 1 Grammar Points Explanation with Exercises – Numerals, Classifiers, and Time Expressions
Section 3 Basic Sentence Patternsand Structural Particles
The Usage of ‘是/有’ Sentences
1. 是(shì) sentence
Structure:Subject + 是(shì) + Noun
Expresses identification or equivalence (A is B)
Do NOT add adjectives between 是 and noun.
Examples:
• 我(wǒ)是(shì)学(xué)生(shēng)。 I am a student.
• 这(zhè)是(shì)苹(píng)果(guǒ)。 This is an apple.
• 北(běi)京(jīng)是(shì)中(zhōng)国(guó)的(de)首(shǒu)都(dū)。 Beijing is the capital of China.
Negation:不(bù)是(shì)
我(wǒ)不(bú)是(shì)老(lǎo)师(shī)。 (Wǒ bú shì lǎoshī)I am not a teacher.
Question:是(shì)……吗(ma)?
你(nǐ)是(shì)医(yī)生(shēng)吗(ma)? →是(shì)/不(bù)是(shì)。
Are you a doctor? → Yes/No.
HSK Level 1 Grammar Points Explanation with Exercises – Basic Sentence Patternsand Structural Particles
Section 4 Continuous Tenses and Aspect Particles
知识点:“在……呢”表动作进行
Pattern:
Subject + 在 + Verb (+ Object) + 呢
This structure is used to indicate that an action is happening right now, equivalent to the English “be + verb-ing” (e.g., “I am eating”).
Examples:
我(wǒ)在(zài)吃(chī)饭(fàn)呢(ne)。 I am eating.
妈(mā)妈(mā)在(zài)打(dǎ)电(diàn)话(huà)呢(ne)。 Mom is making a phone call.
他(tā)们(men)在(zài)看(kàn)电(diàn)视(shì)呢(ne)。 They are watching TV.
Key Rules
(1) Position of 在(zài) :
在(zài) must come before the verb to mark the ongoing action.
Correct:
他(tā)在(zài)睡(shuì)觉(jiào)呢(ne)。 He is sleeping.
Incorrect:
他(tā)睡(shuì)觉(jiào)在(zài)呢(ne)。
HSK Level 1 Grammar Points Explanation with Exercises – Continuous Tenses and Aspect Particles
Section 5 Negotion and Question Transformation
知识点:“不/没”的否定、“吗/呢”疑问句
1. Negation Words “不(bù)” and “没(méi)”
不(bù)
Usage: Used to negate subjective will, habits, or general facts.
Used for:
– Refusals (不(bù)想(xiǎng)去(qù) – “don’t want to go”)
– Preferences (不(bù)喜(xǐ)欢(huan) – “don’t like”)
– Constant states (不(bù)是(shì) – “is not”)
Structure: 不(bù) + Verb/Adjective
Examples:
我(wǒ)不(bù)吃(chī)辣(là)。 “I don’t eat spicy food.” (habit/subjective choice)
他(tā)不(bù)喜(xǐ)欢(huan)咖(kā)啡(fēi)。 “He doesn’t like coffee.” (subjective preference)
HSK Level 1 Grammar Points Explanation with Exercises – Negotion and Question Transformation
Section 6 Modal Particles and Specia Sentence Structures
Modal Particles (语气词)
1.了(le)
Function: Indicates a completed action or a change of situation.
Examples:
我(wǒ)吃(chī)了(le)。→ “I have eaten.” (Action completed)
天(tiān)晴(qíng)了(le)。→ “It has become sunny.” (Situation changed)
Key Notes:
Use 了(le) after a verb or at the end of a sentence.
了(le) is not used for future actions.
Common Mistake:
我(wǒ)明(míng)天(tiān)吃(chī)了(le)。→ Incorrect (future action).
我(wǒ)明(míng)天(tiān)吃(chī)。→ “I will eat tomorrow.”
HSK Level 1 Grammar Points Explanation with Exercises – Modal Particles and Specia Sentence Structures